The lower front teeth had been worn down as the rabbit tried to eat. Due to the mis-alignment of the upper and lower jaws, the upper front teeth could not wear out when the rabbit ate. So the 4 upper teeth grew sideways. The 2 bottom teeth were worn out and hence they appeared very small or "fractured." The 4 upper front teeth are overgrown.
TREATMENT.
1. SURGERY. The best solution is to extract all the six front incisors of this rabbit. In our experience at Toa Payoh Vets, extraction of the 6 front teeth enables the rabbit to eat properly.
2. TRIMMING OF THE OVERGROWN TEETH. The owner in Singapore sometimes forget to trim the overgrown front teeth regularly. Since the teeth become overgrown, the rabbit cannot grasp the food and soon becomes very thin.
OTHER DENTAL PROBLEMS - MOLAR SPURS
MOLAR SPURS are present when the rabbit cannot grind the food properly since the overgrown front teeth causes difficulty in chewing.
The sides of the molars get worn out abnormally. In the rabbit, the upper molars with develop sharp edges called spurs. These cut into the inside of the cheeks causing cheek ulcerations.
The lower molars will have the inner sides develop sharp edges. The left side and right side of the molars develop arching spurs. These entrapment of the tongue, making it difficult for the rabbit to move his or her tongue to eat properly. Molar spurs need to be trimmed by the vet as soon as possible.
CONCLUSION
As a consequence of not getting the vet to treat early, the rabbit cannot wear its cheek teeth properly. Molar spurs (sharp ends) develop, causing incorrect positioning of the molars. This lead to bacteria entering the roots of the molars causing dental or jaw abscess. The rabbit dies if he is not treated as he becomes malnourished and dehydrated over time.
Extraction of the overgrown front teeth will have prevented the development of molar spurs and dental abscess which are expensive treatments.
ANOTHER CASE STUDY IS AT:
https://2010vets.blogspot.com/2018/05/3152-rabbit-has-malocclusion-and-broke.html
Saturday, May 2, 2020
4118. Kidney Failure in a cat. Kidney stones in a dog
Write according to the 3 D's, wrapped up in a drama, below:
DETAILS
DIALOGUE
DISCOVERY
For example:
1. DETAILS. Explain kidney failure...anatomy, physiology, etc. Case study.
2. DIALOGUE creation based on Q andA . You need to imagine what the vet will ask based on
Signs and symptoms: Apppetite, Drinking, Urination, Stools.
Complaint usually is vomiting, not eating>
"My old cat has been vomiting a lot," the owner said. "I think she is suffering from food poisoning!"
3. DISCOVERY. Diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Outcome, prognosis for CKD.
Learn how to write a concise interesting script based on the 3 D's wrapped in drama.
----------------------------------------------
FINAL VIDEO DONE BY THE INTERN AS FOLLOWS:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following is the guideline for the intern to create the above video.
COMMENTS: THE 2 TITLES ARE: KIDNEY FAILURE KIDNEY STONES
The article can be more concise and should have veterinary medical terms as it is a veterinary educational video for Vet Students (& Pet Owners). Use the 5Ws and 1 H (how)
FOR SCRIPT WRITING to create a video, USE TWO COLUMNS. e.g. .
Text in left column Insertion in right column
Insert (gifs, images, video etc at appropriate sections of the text) e.g. X-rays, blood test reports of high BUN, creatinine in a real case.
1. What is a kidney failure?
Where is it?
What does it do?
Who (is the patient - dogs, cats in this article)
Why does the patient get kidney failure?
How do you diagnose and treat, outcome
How do you prevent kidney failure?
2 LINKS IN MY YOUTUBE. Try to edit footage and make a really fun to view vet educational video
1. X-rays of a 13-year-old cat with Stage 4 Chronic Kidney Disease
https://youtu.be/50iVs0KrpSE
--------------------------------------------------------------
X-rays of the cat's kidneys with no chronic kidney disease - Part 2
The cat went for boarding for 5 days. Came home with strong smell of urine. Painful kidneys on palpation. X-rays show kidneys enlarged. Blood test shows very low platelets but no elevated urea and creatinine.
The cat could have groomed himself, licking off the urine and stools on his body during boarding, leading to kidney swelling and painful urination.
After 2 days in-patient and IV drip to flush out the blood toxins, with antibiotics and pain medication, the cat goes home. Now he is back to normal.
This is Stage 1 of kidney disease. There is no azotemia. Creatinine is less than 1.6 mg/dL.
The cause of kidney failure was due to toxins. Prompt treatment in flushing out the toxins via an IV drip resulted in recovery.
Sep 6 2018. Attached image of X-ray of a 13-year-old cat shows Stage 4 chronic kidney disease kidneys. See blog for better quality images of chronic kidney disease, at:
https://2010vets.blogspot.com/2018/09/3234-13-year-old-cat-vomits-for-3-days.html
https://2010vets.blogspot.com/2018/09/3234-13-year-old-cat-vomits-for-3-days.html
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--------------------------------------------------------
VIDEO 2 - Kidney stones in a dog. Search my blog or youtube for a case study.
DETAILS
DIALOGUE
DISCOVERY
For example:
1. DETAILS. Explain kidney failure...anatomy, physiology, etc. Case study.
 |
| Halithosis, a large tongue ulcer, gum inflammation What happened to this old cat? |
2. DIALOGUE creation based on Q andA . You need to imagine what the vet will ask based on
Signs and symptoms: Apppetite, Drinking, Urination, Stools.
Complaint usually is vomiting, not eating>
"My old cat has been vomiting a lot," the owner said. "I think she is suffering from food poisoning!"
3. DISCOVERY. Diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Outcome, prognosis for CKD.
Learn how to write a concise interesting script based on the 3 D's wrapped in drama.
----------------------------------------------
FINAL VIDEO DONE BY THE INTERN AS FOLLOWS:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following is the guideline for the intern to create the above video.
COMMENTS: THE 2 TITLES ARE: KIDNEY FAILURE KIDNEY STONES
The article can be more concise and should have veterinary medical terms as it is a veterinary educational video for Vet Students (& Pet Owners). Use the 5Ws and 1 H (how)
FOR SCRIPT WRITING to create a video, USE TWO COLUMNS. e.g. .
Text in left column Insertion in right column
Insert (gifs, images, video etc at appropriate sections of the text) e.g. X-rays, blood test reports of high BUN, creatinine in a real case.
1. What is a kidney failure?
Where is it?
What does it do?
Who (is the patient - dogs, cats in this article)
Why does the patient get kidney failure?
How do you diagnose and treat, outcome
How do you prevent kidney failure?
2 LINKS IN MY YOUTUBE. Try to edit footage and make a really fun to view vet educational video
1. X-rays of a 13-year-old cat with Stage 4 Chronic Kidney Disease
https://youtu.be/50iVs0KrpSE
--------------------------------------------------------------
Please REVIEW MY WRITING AS IT IS A DRAFT AND IT IS UP TO YOU TO
EDIT AND CREATE THE VIDEO BASED ON THE IMPORTANT ASPECTS. IF I DO IT FOR YOU, YOU WILL NOT LEARN MUCH. HENCE THE DRAFT.
X-rays of the cat's kidneys with no chronic kidney disease - Part 2
The cat went for boarding for 5 days. Came home with strong smell of urine. Painful kidneys on palpation. X-rays show kidneys enlarged. Blood test shows very low platelets but no elevated urea and creatinine.
The cat could have groomed himself, licking off the urine and stools on his body during boarding, leading to kidney swelling and painful urination.
After 2 days in-patient and IV drip to flush out the blood toxins, with antibiotics and pain medication, the cat goes home. Now he is back to normal.
This is Stage 1 of kidney disease. There is no azotemia. Creatinine is less than 1.6 mg/dL.
The cause of kidney failure was due to toxins. Prompt treatment in flushing out the toxins via an IV drip resulted in recovery.
Sep 6 2018. Attached image of X-ray of a 13-year-old cat shows Stage 4 chronic kidney disease kidneys. See blog for better quality images of chronic kidney disease, at:
https://2010vets.blogspot.com/2018/09/3234-13-year-old-cat-vomits-for-3-days.html
https://2010vets.blogspot.com/2018/09/3234-13-year-old-cat-vomits-for-3-days.html
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Introduction to
Kidneys
Kidneys filter the blood, maintains a constant electrolyte balance, regulates
hormones and secrete hormones such as erythropoietin that stimulates the
production of red blood cells.
Acute vs Chronic Kidney
Failure
Kidney failure REFERS TO the
failure of the kidneys to carry out their function.
The main difference between acute and chronic kidney failure is the duration of time that the kidney has stopped functioning.
Acute renal failure.
The kidney function suddenly declines for a few hours or days and is usually attributed to infections or toxins in dogs. Chronic renal failure refers to when the loss of function of kidneys is more gradual and may be over a few months or years.
(The most common cause of this in dogs is geriatric decline, which often causes degeneration of the kidneys.) QUOTE YOUR REFERENCE
The main difference between acute and chronic kidney failure is the duration of time that the kidney has stopped functioning.
Acute renal failure.
The kidney function suddenly declines for a few hours or days and is usually attributed to infections or toxins in dogs. Chronic renal failure refers to when the loss of function of kidneys is more gradual and may be over a few months or years.
(The most common cause of this in dogs is geriatric decline, which often causes degeneration of the kidneys.) QUOTE YOUR REFERENCE
Causes of Chronic Kidney
Failure
In general, kidney failure is caused by:
- Bacterial infections, like
leptospirosis, which can be transmitted by drinking or swimming in
contaminated water. This infection can lead to inflammation of the kidneys
and consequent destruction of renal cells.
- Toxicosis, or kidney poisoning
which leads to damage of the kidneys’ cells. It occurs when dogs ingest
drugs (like ibuprofen) or poisons (like antifreeze or grapes)
- Congenital disease: hereditary
conditions such as cysts and agenesis can lead to abnormal kidney
function.
- Geriatric degeneration: when
kidneys get old, their cells will decline and die
Diagnosis of kidney
failure
PRESENTING SIGNS ARE:
POLYDIPSIA, POLYURIA, VOMITING, ANAEMIA. (This is also a veterinary educational video!)
symptoms such as vomiting, increased drinking and urination (use some
lethargy, weight loss, and production of pale mucous membranes in the mouth and elsewhere are observed in the anima. Consult your vet early.
POLYDIPSIA, POLYURIA, VOMITING, ANAEMIA. (This is also a veterinary educational video!)
symptoms such as vomiting, increased drinking and urination (use some
lethargy, weight loss, and production of pale mucous membranes in the mouth and elsewhere are observed in the anima. Consult your vet early.
BE BRIEF
A BLOOD TEST will show abnormally high levels of BLOOD UREA NITROGEN AND CREATININE. EXPLAIN WHAT BUN AND CREATININE DOES.
LEUCOCYTOSIS - POSSIBLE BACTERIAL INFECTION.
The vet will then perform a blood test and if levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) are abnormally high, it is highly likely that the animal has sustained kidney damage.
Oftentimes (WHERE IS YOUR REFERENCE?), a higher than normal white blood cell known as leukocytosis is also an indication of the cause of kidney failure which may be a possible bacteria infection.
A BLOOD TEST will show abnormally high levels of BLOOD UREA NITROGEN AND CREATININE. EXPLAIN WHAT BUN AND CREATININE DOES.
LEUCOCYTOSIS - POSSIBLE BACTERIAL INFECTION.
The vet will then perform a blood test and if levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) are abnormally high, it is highly likely that the animal has sustained kidney damage.
Oftentimes (WHERE IS YOUR REFERENCE?), a higher than normal white blood cell known as leukocytosis is also an indication of the cause of kidney failure which may be a possible bacteria infection.
--------------------------------------------------------
VIDEO 2 - Kidney stones in a dog. Search my blog or youtube for a case study.
Information on kidney
stones
The signs on the formation of kidney stones are:
- Fever
- Abdominal discomfort
- Kidney pain
- Blood in the urine (hematuria)
- Altered urine production
- Lethargy
- Poor appetite
- Vomiting
- Weight loss
Diagnosis of kidney
stones
If an animal is suspected to have kidney stones
and obstruction in the urinary tract as it displays the above symptoms, the vet
will then conduct an x-ray in order to clearly determine if there are kidney
stones.
Treatment of kidney
stones
In Singapore, kidney stones are often removed
surgically. Struvite stones are often the most common type of kidney stones
formed. These stones may recur and hence vets usually test the composition of
the stones upon removal via surgery in order to predict and prevent future
recurrence. In the case of urinary tract infections (UTIs), bacteria would be
present along with the stones and thus it is important for vets to prescribe
antibiotics in the long run for the animal. Regular monitoring via urine
analysis and ultrasound is also necessary to diagnose future recurrences early.
Overall Conclusion
It is important for owners to do constant
monitoring of their pets who may have a genetic predisposition for kidney
stones or have previously removed kidney stones. Oftentimes, if there are
issues with kidneys, the animals will have to be permanently placed on a
special diet or return frequently for dialysis in the case of chronic kidney
failure.
Monday, April 27, 2020
4116. A young red-eared slider has blinking swollen eyes. Why?
-------------------------------------------
Sunday, April 26, 2020
4115. Reyna A Syrian hamster had a big distended abdomen.
DETAILS
Singapore is a city State with a population of around 6 million. As over 80% of the residents live in high rises, small pets like hamsters are popular.
They need little space. They are less costly than dogs and cats if you buy from the pet shop.
They are nocturnal creatures and they are active at night, busy exercising, keeping the owners awake with the noisy turning of the wheel!
They are energetic companions and hence much loved by the owners. However, they live for 2.5 to 3 years. When they are one year old, they are considered middle-aged and as they grow older, they may develop illness such as stomach bloat, as in this case.
DIALOGUE
(Based on WhatsApp - Show a person reading WhatsAPP from the phone. -- the messages are texted inside the phone --- try and put them in a rectangular box....etc.
WhatsApp Dr Sing Kong Yuen (DR SING).
17 Apr 20
OWNER: 21:24 "Good evening. I am the owner of Tee, the Syrian hamster which I brought over to your clinic last week."
 |
| Lady texting on handphone |
(A video clip was shown. Dr Sing could see that the hamster had closed eyelid of the left eye and a swollen abdomen. Can you draw red arrow to show the swollen abdomen and left eyelid closed by pausing the motion of the video?
-------------------
VIDEO CLIP
-------------------
OWNER: 21:25 "He had been kicking the saw dust and moving around in a hurry."
"He appeared totally stressed all of a sudden".
18 Apr 20.
The owner was advised to bring the hamster for examination. He consulted Dr Daniel Sing and wanted repeat of the medication given 7 days ago.
First consultation at Toa Payoh Vets
10 Apr 20.
HISTORY:
The owner brought his hamster to Toa Payoh Vets as the hamster had a distended abdomen. Dr Daniel Sing palpated a hard lump in his gastric area. He advised X-ray. The owner decided on giving the oral antibiotics and painkillers for the time being.
FOLLOW-UP BY DR SING KONG YUEN
24 Apr 20 WhatsApp
DR SING: 02:24 "Hi, Is your Syrian hamster OK now?"
OWNER: 02:24 "He just passed on,"
Dr SING: 02:26 Please accept my condolences.
May I know what were his signs and symptoms?"
OWNER: 02:27 "He was doing fine, stomach was getting softer.
But he was very lethargic this morning."
DR SING: 02:29 "Was he having a big bloated stomach?
"Did he eat new food like treats?"
OWNER: 02:29 "Couldn't tell if it was bloated."
"But it was soft"
OWNER: 02:29 "Besides his usual treats like seeds, we fed him cucumber occasionally."
DR SING: 02:32 "How old was he? Were his eyes half closed as if he had eye discharge? "
OWNER: 02:32 "Had him for about 6 months. Not sure how old he was when he was in the pet shop.
"Yes, his eyes were half closed at times. He tried to open his eyes only when I pick him up to feed medication."
DR SING: 02:36 "How many days were his eyes half closed?"
OWNER: 02:37 "After giving him the medication or from the start?"
DR SING: 02:37 "From the start"
OWNER: 02:38 "Probably 3 to 4 weeks. It started a few days after his stomach was getting slightly bigger and tougher.
DR SING: 02:39 "Did he eat 50% less than normal?
OWNER: 02:40 "Before medication, he definitely ate less than usual.
"After medication, his appetite was slightly better.
DR SING: 02:43. "Thank you. Were his stools hard and smaller than normal?"
OWNER: 02:44 "Harder yes, definitely much darker/blacker in colour as well."
DR SING: 02:45 "Did he drink less?
OWNER: 02:46 "Yes! That's why I had to resort to feeding him cucumber.
DR SING. 02:48 "Thank you. Most likely, your hamster had gastric distension and bleeding. Did he eat lots of sunflower seeds and husks?"
OWNER: 05:33 "Yes."
DISCOVERY
1. The importance of X-rays in diagnosis.
X-rays are useful as an aid to diagnosis.
Four cases are shown as examples:
CASE 1. A Syrian hamster with a right abdominal mass may have a splenic tumour as shown in the X-ray. (Read text and show arrows indicating tumour...do NOT rush the narration...)
CASE 2.
A Syrian hamster has a uterus over-distended with pus. It is shown by "X" in the X-ray. A case of closed pyometra
CASE 3. A dwarf hamster has swollen abdomen distended with fluid. The fluid is shown as white dense area swelling he abdomen. A case of Ascites.
2. What causes the Syrian hamster's abdominal swelling?
Consent was not given for X-rays in this Syrian hamster. It was likely to have GASTRIC DISTENSION based on the appearance of black stools and his love for eating his new bedding as well as eating the husks of sunflower seeds.
His stomach became filled with these indigestible foreign bodies. Gas formed, bloating his abdomen.
Over the 3 to 4 weeks, the stomach became ulcerated and bled. Hence, the owner's observation that the stools passed were hard and blacker.
In stomach bleeding, the stools passed out would be black as they passed through the intestines. They would be red if the bleeding originated from the intestines.
3. Tips and Advices
1. Be aware of your hamster eating abnormal food or bedding. Try not to furnish the hamster home with so many objects as shown in this image as the hamster may want to eat them, swelling his stomach with foreign bodies.
2. Seek early veterinary treatment if your pet has a bloated stomach.
CREDITS
FOR MORE INFORMATION
Sunday, April 19, 2020
Saturday, April 18, 2020
4112. REYNA Marsupialisation of a mucocele in a young bear in Myanmar
https://youtu.be/iGxgiTf1wJ8
Follow through 3 months later
https://2010vets.blogspot.com/2016/09/2925-review-of-asiatic-bear-3-months.html
VETERINARY EDUCATIONAL VIDEOS
FROM CASES SEEN BY DR SING KONG YUEN IN MYANMAR 2014 -2017
The following veterinary educational videos for vet students & pet owners can be viewed by going to www.youtube.com and search "veterinary files from myanmar".
Mar 2017
Dr T T Aung treats a coughing German Shepherd puppy in Magwe
https://www.youtube.com/edit?o=U&video_id=LZ8THY3MQtw
Mar 2017
Dr T T Aung and Dr Sing Kong Yuen visit White Heart Animal Rescue and Shelter, Magwe, Myanmar
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=apRpziowX94
Nov 2016
Dr T T Aung and Dr Sing follows up on the Asiatic bear at Thanlyn Thabarwa Centre, 5 months after ranula operation
https://www.youtube.com/edit?o=U&video_id=za_qngLNObI
Nov 2016
Dr T T Aung treats a rabbit not eating
https://www.youtube.com/edit?o=U&video_id=_VPpdumR_MA
Oct 2016
Drs T T Aung and T T Soe donates to an old monastery; 2 case studies from RAVS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pw7wJRHsfBY
Finding a Bear Vet in Myanmar. Pt 2
Visit to Naypytidaw Zoo
Sep 2016
https://www.youtube.com/edit?o=U&video_id=-GdmeXJ5ERc
Asiatic Bear 6 months old - Day 2 after operation by Scottish Vet and Aung
Sep 2016
2nd operation on the Asiatic bear's ranula by Dr T T Aung and a Scottish vet. Pt 4
https://www.youtube.com/edit?o=U&video_id=9mx5fLM42Ho
Sep 2016
Dr Sing's Post-op review of ranula operation by marsupialisation on an Asiatic Bear. Pt 6
https://www.youtube.com/edit?o=U&video_id=_DSGqo7_2Xk
Perineal urethrostomy in a cat house-call follow up with Dr T T Aung
Sep 2016
https://www.youtube.com/edit?o=U&video_id=RhrRJjlCDR0
Dr Sing and Aung visits the Asiatic Bear 3 months after ranula operation
Sep 2016
Perineal urethrostomy surgery in a cat by Dr T T Aung - Final Video
Dr Aung shares his surgical procedure knowledge on video
https://www.youtube.com/edit?o=U&video_id=kEB_Kak9uME
Jun 2016
Bear at Thabarwa Centre Pt 4. Pre-op check up at Thabarwa Centre, Thanlyn
https://www.youtube.com/edit?o=U&video_id=yqgyKhOUAPs
Jun 2016
Sublingual mucoecoele in a bear Pt 4. Surgery by Scottish wildlife vet with T T Aung
https://www.youtube.com/edit?o=U&video_id=VEBbE4TukDk
Jun 2016. Visit bear at Thabarwa Centre, before tongue surgery Pt 3
https://www.youtube.com/edit?o=U&video_id=GiXkkaubX4g
Dec 2015
A Siberian Husky in Yangon has seizures
https://www.youtube.com/edit?o=U&video_id=0sNRhdytQ0M
Dec 2015
Visit to RAVS - layout plan
https://www.youtube.com/edit?o=U&video_id=K-hcJ4iHzd0
Oct 2015
A Yangon cat cannot give birth
https://www.youtube.com/edit?o=U&video_id=Fle5Kg3Lq-Y
Sep 2014
A testimonial for Dr T T Aung who started his own practice in Yangon. One of the rare vets who treats veterinary medicine as a calling rather than as a money-making business.
https://www.youtube.com/edit?o=U&video_id=WueLPic9Q7E
Sep 2014
Visit to Yezin Univ of Vet Science
https://www.youtube.com/edit?o=U&video_id=Um1LrWbaNQU
Aug 2014
House-call at Hyatt Hotel, Singapore with Dr T T Aung in 2010 house call cat swallowed a needle
About Dr T T Aung
https://www.youtube.com/edit?o=U&video_id=H0iuMV5vsxI
Dr Sing and T T Aung gave talk to University of Yezin final year students under MVA
visits university campus and rural areas
Aug 2014
Nystagmus and cloudy cornea in a Shih Tzu puppy
https://www.youtube.com/edit?o=U&video_id=NAenYCtlsv0
Aug 2014
Nervous signs of distemper in a Yangon English Cocker Spaniel puppy
https://www.youtube.com/edit?o=U&video_id=fhrEXAnlKEA
Aug 2014
A Myanmarese cat has pyometra. Video in Myanmar language
https://www.youtube.com/edit?o=U&video_id=55qghQhXj-s
Aug 2014. Depo-Medo inj leads to pyometra in Yangon cats.
A Myanmarese cat has pyometra. Video in English language.
https://www.youtube.com/edit?o=U&video_id=eKheu1XulUg
Friday, April 17, 2020
4111. REYNA. Do guinea pigs suffer toothaches? Dragonfly series
USE THE FOLLOWING FOR OTHER VIDEOS. Remember "viewer discretion". Dragonfly series
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Apr 17, 2020. Reyna to edit the footages according to what is required in each of the 4 videos
BKTP VETERINARY EDUCATIONAL VIDEOS
STORY TELLING USING THE 3D's to sell a product or service
Details
Dialogue
Discovery
All wrapped up in Drama
*Use 3 D's in story telling. See:
https://2010vets.blogspot.com/2020/02/story-telling-using-3ds-example-do-dogs.html
(Reyna --- References: BLOG. NO. 4077
Blogs No. 4074, 2955, 4104 for video footages)
Use Images of similar conditions (dental disease, jaw abscess) from other guinea pigs and rabbits.
Use Images of similar conditions (dental disease, jaw abscess) from other guinea pigs and rabbits.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 videos as follows:
Do guinea pigs suffer toothaches?
Overview. Video 1/4
Do guinea pigs suffer toothaches?
Diagnosis. Video 2/4
Do guinea pigs suffer toothaches?
Treatment. Video 3/4
Do guinea pigs suffer toothaches?
Prevention. Video 4/4
--------------------------------------------------------------
Do guinea pigs suffer toothaches?
Overview. Video 1/4
HOOK.
Show the healthy guinea pig from Agnes - eating hay and drinking water, poop size and number. Active running. This is what a heathy guinea pig looks like.
Constrast to the case study. 1 minute of the video showing drooling, not well groomed, ears dirty, overgrown incisors. etc. What happened to this guinea pig?
This is Video 1/4 discussing the overview of the case. This 5-year-old guinea pig had lose a lot of weight. The reason is that he had bad teeth. Hence he could not eat properly. His front teeth were overgrown (any image) and his molar spurs are entraping his tongue or cutting his inner cheek.
DETAILS
Do Guinea Pigs suffer from toothaches? Yes, they do. The most painful one must be the dental abscess. An abscess is a collection of pus. A dental abscess originates from the bacterial infection of the root of the cheek teeth. The infection leads to formation of pus. The pus accumulates and swells the under surface of the skin of the lower jaw. (ILLUSTRATION OF ABSCESS )
Do Guinea Pigs suffer from toothaches? Yes, they do. The most painful one must be the dental abscess. An abscess is a collection of pus. A dental abscess originates from the bacterial infection of the root of the cheek teeth. The infection leads to formation of pus. The pus accumulates and swells the under surface of the skin of the lower jaw. (ILLUSTRATION OF ABSCESS )
It is so painful that the guinea pig stops eating or eats very little. He loses weight fast. The presenting sign is a globular swelling around the lower jaw. (IMAGE). Foul-smelling thick cheesy pus churn inside the thick-walled abscess (SYRINGE ASPIRATION FOOTAGE). The abscess turns into a ping-pong ball swelling as seen in the case of a 5-year-old Guinea Pig seen at Toa Payoh Vets in 2016 (VIDEO FOOTAGE OF SWELLING).
DIALOGUE
“My guinea pig has overgrown front teeth again," Mr Chan said. "I have come monthly for the last 6 months to get his teeth clipped. He ate very well after clipping, but I had to come every month.
"Look at him today, " Mr Chan put the pet on the examination table. "He has lost a lot of weight. He is very light weight now. His chin is wet with saliva. He looks like a run-down homeless person!"
"I have your records here," I showed Mr Chan that his last visit was more than 2 months ago. "You must have been busy. Your guinea pig missed his tooth trimming for 2 months.
"Your guinea pig could have had all his 4 front teeth extracted," I did advise last time. "This usually resolve your problem of having to come for monthly trimming."
"It would have been too expensive for me. Will you trim his front teeth again?" Mr Chan requested.
"Look at this swelling on the left lower jaw! Your guinea pig now has a big swelling on his lower jaw, hidden by his hair," I showed Mr Chan the dental abscess. "That means you pet has infection of the root area of the molar. That abscess caused him to eat much less as he has a painful mouth!"
"What is your advice to treat him?" Mr Chan asked.
"As your guinea pig is malnourished, dehydrated and not eating, I need to give him fluid therapy and antibiotic injection to help him recover. (VIDEO OF SC INJECTION)
The next day, I will need to do an X-ray (IMAGE) to check which of his left cheek teeth is decayed and then, tooth extraction. is that Ok with you?".
"Will there be any other tests as my pocket is not deep."
"I will skip a blood test and biopsy and bacterial culture for effective drugs to lower your medical cost. As for treatment, there are 3 options. The least expensive of the 3 treatments ---lance and drain the abscess (ILLUSTRATION). We will do this."
The owner consented to the procedures. The guinea pig was warded for at least 5 days.
"Look at him today, " Mr Chan put the pet on the examination table. "He has lost a lot of weight. He is very light weight now. His chin is wet with saliva. He looks like a run-down homeless person!"
"I have your records here," I showed Mr Chan that his last visit was more than 2 months ago. "You must have been busy. Your guinea pig missed his tooth trimming for 2 months.
"Your guinea pig could have had all his 4 front teeth extracted," I did advise last time. "This usually resolve your problem of having to come for monthly trimming."
"It would have been too expensive for me. Will you trim his front teeth again?" Mr Chan requested.
"Look at this swelling on the left lower jaw! Your guinea pig now has a big swelling on his lower jaw, hidden by his hair," I showed Mr Chan the dental abscess. "That means you pet has infection of the root area of the molar. That abscess caused him to eat much less as he has a painful mouth!"
"What is your advice to treat him?" Mr Chan asked.
"As your guinea pig is malnourished, dehydrated and not eating, I need to give him fluid therapy and antibiotic injection to help him recover. (VIDEO OF SC INJECTION)
The next day, I will need to do an X-ray (IMAGE) to check which of his left cheek teeth is decayed and then, tooth extraction. is that Ok with you?".
"Will there be any other tests as my pocket is not deep."
"I will skip a blood test and biopsy and bacterial culture for effective drugs to lower your medical cost. As for treatment, there are 3 options. The least expensive of the 3 treatments ---lance and drain the abscess (ILLUSTRATION). We will do this."
The owner consented to the procedures. The guinea pig was warded for at least 5 days.
DISCOVERY
ADVICES TO GUINEA PIG OWNERS:
ADVICES TO GUINEA PIG OWNERS:
1. Monthly clipping of the overgrown front teeth is less expensive per trip as compared to surgery. However, owners tend to forget or delay the task. The guinea pig cannot eat properly, loses weight and develop dental abscess. (IMAGE OF DENTAL ABSCESS).
2. Surgery to extract all the 6 overgrown front teeth of this guinea pig, if performed well will result in no more overgrown teeth.
2. Surgery to extract all the 6 overgrown front teeth of this guinea pig, if performed well will result in no more overgrown teeth.
This is the end of Video 1/4. Please follow through to view:
Do guinea pigs suffer toothaches?
Diagnosis. Video 2/4
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Do guinea pigs suffer toothaches?
Diagnosis. Video 2/4
We use this 2-year-old male (Agnes' guinea pig) to demonstrate the procedures of diagnosis
The guinea pig has 20 teeth. He has 4 front teeth called incisors. He has 16 cheek teeth called premolars and molars. He has no canine teeth. In addition, his teeth grow continuously. Therefore he has to wear down his teeth by continuous chewing of hard food like hay.
If he is fed pellets only and little or no hay, his teeth overgrow. How do we diagnose his dental condition?
We use this 2-year-old male (Agnes' guinea pig) to demonstrate the procedures of diagnosis
The guinea pig has 20 teeth. He has 4 front teeth called incisors. He has 16 cheek teeth called premolars and molars. He has no canine teeth. In addition, his teeth grow continuously. Therefore he has to wear down his teeth by continuous chewing of hard food like hay.
If he is fed pellets only and little or no hay, his teeth overgrow. How do we diagnose his dental condition?
Diagnosis consists of:
1. The Physical Examination
2. The Mouth Examination - Otoscopic examination or buccal gag.
1. The Physical Examination
2. The Mouth Examination - Otoscopic examination or buccal gag.
3. Dental X-rays.
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THE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
1. General Examination
2. Visual Examination
3. Palpation with fingers
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THE PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
1. General Examination
2. Visual Examination
3. Palpation with fingers
1. Physical Examination consists of general examination, visual check up and palpation
Open the mouth with thumb and forefingers/buccal gag (use buccal gag).
3. Palpation of the side of the face where the upper and lower cheek teeth are located. I used my thumb and forefinger to feel the sides. As you can see in the video, the 2-year-old guinea pig did not object to my touching. That means he has no painful mouth or molar spurs.
3.1 Palpate along the junction of the upper and lower jaws for dental abscess. Could be hidden by the long coat esp. at the junction of upper and lower jaws.
Show how this is done in Agnes' GP.
1.4. If an abscess is seen in the mouth or around the jaw, it may indicate DENTAL DISEASE. The vet needs to identify and remove any problematic teeth. To do that, the vet will need to do X-rays of the mouth.
Insert an image of the case study with dental abscess.
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Show how this is done in Agnes' GP.
1.4. If an abscess is seen in the mouth or around the jaw, it may indicate DENTAL DISEASE. The vet needs to identify and remove any problematic teeth. To do that, the vet will need to do X-rays of the mouth.
Insert an image of the case study with dental abscess.
----------------------------------
2. The Mouth Examination - Otoscopic examination or buccal gag.
Wrap the guinea pig inside the towel or slight gas anaesthetic if fractious
Demonstrate with otoscope.
Then demonstrate with buccal gag as some vets may not have otoscope.
Demonstrate with otoscope.
Then demonstrate with buccal gag as some vets may not have otoscope.
3. Dental X-rays to be done. Oblique lateral view so that the cheek teeth do NOT overlap. Can see bone lysis etc EXPLAIN THE X-RAY text...
 |
| The vet needs to interpret the skull X-rays in the video |
3.1. X-ray. Must take oblique view so that the cheek teeth do not overlap. Should take 2 views. See X-ray taken. Narrate the text and show the decayed tooth (M2).
 |
| Narrartive and point to every word to analyse and explain the formation of the dental abscess |
ADVICES TO GUINEA PIG OWNERS:
1. Blood test is advised but not done in this case. The owner wanted to reduce medical costs. A blood test will show either normal or increase/decrease in total white cell count. if the total white cell very high = bacteraemia. If low = septicaemia. (SHOW SOME IMAGES OF BLOOD COLLECTION BOTTLES)
2. Bacterial culture for antibiotic sensistivity tests is advised. This was not done to reduce medical cost.
3. In the diagnosis of dental abscess, the three procedures are recommended:
2. Bacterial culture for antibiotic sensistivity tests is advised. This was not done to reduce medical cost.
3. In the diagnosis of dental abscess, the three procedures are recommended:
1. The Physical Examination
2. The Otoscopic examination or use of the buccal gag to examine the mouth properly.
2. The Otoscopic examination or use of the buccal gag to examine the mouth properly.
3. Dental X-rays - The lateral view must be oblique..
This is the end of Video 2/4. Please follow through with Do guinea pigs suffer toothaches?
Treatment. Video 3/4
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Do guinea pigs suffer toothaches?
Treatment. Video 3/4
Dental abscesses are swollen or infected wounds that originated from the teeth. If there is a long delay, the guinea pig becomes emaciated, malnourished, dehydrated and die.
(X -ray and image and video footage)
Treatment involves 3 steps.
1. Clipping of the overgrown front teeth.
Clipping of the molar spurs (Two images below).
2. Removal of the dental abscess --- 3 methods
2.1 Incise and drain - least expensive, but may recur.
Clipping of the molar spurs (Two images below).
2. Removal of the dental abscess --- 3 methods
2.1 Incise and drain - least expensive, but may recur.
2.2 Surgical removal of the encapsulated abscess (as in a subcutaneous tumour removal). Stitch up after excision of the capsule.
2.3 Marsupialisation in cases where there is recurrence after incision and drainage procedures.
3. Extraction of the decayed molar tooth.
If your guinea pig is affected by a swelling at the angle of the jaws, take it to the vet for a formal diagnosis. The cause of the abscess will then determine how the wound is treated. The abscess may be caused by fighting wounds or it may be a dental abscess.
Antibiotics, drainage, and surgery are all common treatments.
There was a gigantic left dental abscess. Pre-treatment include injections of fluid and baytril (videof ootage)
GAS ANAETHESIA BY MASK.
(VIDEO FOOTAGE OF CLIPPING OF OVERGROWN FRONT TEETH
 |
| Why is the mouth painful? The lingual spurs of the molars grow inwards, cutting the tongue or trapping the tongue inside the two rows of spurs. So the guinea pig cannot swallow or drink water properly. The buccal spurs of the molars grow outwards, cutting the cheeks. Painful infected cheek ulcer cause loss of appetite and dehydration as the guinea pig eats and drinks very little to survive. He becomes emaciated and malnourished. Death will be the end of him. |
 |
| The incisors have had been trimmed before photography. A mouth gag is used to open the mouth and you can see the molar spurs very well. If there is no mouth gag, an otoscope may be used to check the inside of the mouth for the existence of the molar spurs. |
DENTAL ABSCESS Medical and surgical treatments are required. Three surgical treatment options are available for the treatment of dental abscess. 1. INCISION AND DRAINAGE. At Toa Payoh Vets, I incised and drain the abscess. I made a long incision, drained out the pus. Daily irrigate the wound with antispetics for 7 days. The owner can continue at home for another 7 days. The abscess may recur later. Cheapest method. Least anaesthetic risk. (some footage from the video - clipping bald the swollen aea). Aspiration alone is not effective as the pus forms.. The decayed molar tooth can be extracted when the guinea pig is in better health. The owner has to return for this dental work. However, the owner did not return for dental work or had gone to another vet.
2. ENCAPSULATED ABSCESS SURGICALLY REMOVED. Remove the capsule of the encapsulated abscess. The stin wound is stitched up. An eliabeth Collar is worn. Daily cleaning of the wound for 10 days. Antibiotics. There will be no recurrence. The guinea pig was in poor health and therefore not done till he was rehydrated and stronger.
3. MARSUPIALISATION. Ooening up a big hole, drain the abscess and stitch the mucosa (inside layer) of the abscess to the skin, creating an open wound. The wound can be flushed daily.
(ILLUSTRATION OF THE PROCEDURE) SHOWING THE EVERTED WOUND WITH MUCOSA STITCHED TO SKIN.
4. The next step. EXTRACTION OF THE MOLAR (SEE -RAY) . The decayed tooth must be extracted using rodent-dental set. It may be near the ventral opening of the abscess and can be pulled out using forceps.
TIPS AND ADVICES
- An abscess in the mouth or around the jaw may be a symptom of dental disease. Your vet may need to identify and remove any problematic teeth. Skull X-rays arf needed.
- Get surgery if there is a jaw (dental) abscess. If the abscess is severe, your
vet may recommend the more detailed surgery rather than incision and drainage.
This surgery is called Encapsulated Abscess Removal. it will completely remove the abscess This is needed when the vet cannot fully drain the abscess or if other, underlying problems are contributing to the abscess.
The other surgery is called Marsupialisation. The vet makes a long surgical wound. He stitches the inside layer (mucosa) of the wound to the skin. The sutures will remain on your guinea pig for up to two weeks. You will need to syringe saline into the wound to flush out any pus and debri daily for around 2 weeks. Let the vet know if you prefer him to do it in his practice.
The guinea pig wears an Elizabeth collar to prevent scratching of the wound Painkillers will be prescribed. Hone nursing by daily cleaning of the wound is important.
Medications are usually are delivered by mouth.
- Baytril and Bactrim are the most common antibiotics given to guinea pigs.
- If it is a fungal infection, he may be given Griseofulvin.
- Many common antibiotics, such as Amoxycillin and tetracycline, are toxic to guinea pigs when given by mouth. However, they may be injected under some circumstances, as this has less impact on your pet's gut health.
As guinea pigs are strictly herbivorous animals, one veterinary report the recommended antibiotic treatment for odontogenic abscesses is a combination of fluoroquinolones and metronidazole.
This is the end of Video 2/4. Please follow through with Do guinea pigs suffer toothaches?
Prevention. Video 4/4
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Do guinea pigs suffer toothaches?
Prevention. Video 4/4
Prevention. Video 4/4
Prevent the guinea pig from chewing or licking the wound. Your guinea pig or its cage mates may try to lick or nibble the area. If so, take a chewing deterrent (which you can buy at a pet store), and dab it around the wound. Do not put it in the wound itself.
TIPS AND ADVICES- Your vet may give you a special collar that you can put on your guinea pig to prevent it from chewing the wound.
1. FREQUENT INSPECTION. check your guinea pig's jaw frequently feeling for any lump or swelling along the jaws. They may be dental abscesses.
2. WEIGH WEEKLY. Any weight loss will alert you to a possibility of overgrown incisors or molar spurs before dental abscess develops.
5
Feed the guinea pig a healthy diet. The abscess may
have caused your guinea pig to lose its appetite. As it recovers, it
needs a healthy, well-rounded diet with plenty of Vitamin C. Offer your
guinea pig its favorite treats during this period, and make sure it has
plenty of water.[12]
- Give your guinea pig softer hays to eat, such as oatmeal hay, instead of bristly or sharp hay. This will prevent future mouth and jaw abscesses. Hay should be 80% of the diet, not pellets.
- Make sure that the pellets you feed the guinea pig are fortified with Vitamin C.
- If your guinea pig refuses to eat, you should take it back to the vet. You may have to feed it with a syringe.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U_4advn9Gpc&feature=youtu.be
GUINEA PIG -
treatment
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TskAWOfFPVw&feature=youtu.be
summarisess the case history and diagnosis but not the treatment
clipping the overgrown front teeth
1:43 to
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In introduction or conclusion of the 4 videos,
USE SOME OF THESE IMAGES TO SHOW WHERE THE GUINEA PIG IS STAYING - SINGAPORE SCENES
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