4118. Kidney Failure in a cat. Kidney stones in a dog

Write according to the 3 D's, wrapped up in a drama, below:

DETAILS
DIALOGUE
DISCOVERY

For example:


1.  DETAILS.  Explain kidney failure...anatomy, physiology, etc. Case study.
 

Halithosis, a large tongue ulcer, gum inflammation
What happened to this old cat?

2. DIALOGUE creation based on Q andA . You need to imagine what the vet will ask based on
    Signs and symptoms:    Apppetite, Drinking, Urination, Stools.
                                          Complaint usually is vomiting, not eating>
   

"My old cat has been vomiting a lot," the owner said. "I think she is suffering from food poisoning!"

3. DISCOVERY.  Diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Outcome, prognosis for CKD.

Learn how to write a concise interesting script based on the 3 D's wrapped in drama.

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FINAL VIDEO DONE BY THE INTERN AS FOLLOWS:

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The following is the guideline for the intern to create the above video.

COMMENTS:  THE 2 TITLES  ARE:     KIDNEY FAILURE    KIDNEY STONES

The article can be more concise and should have veterinary medical terms as it is a veterinary educational video for Vet Students (& Pet Owners). Use the 5Ws and 1 H (how)

FOR SCRIPT WRITING to create a video, USE TWO COLUMNS. e.g.   .


Text  in left column                                                     Insertion in right column
                                                                                    Insert (gifs, images, video etc at appropriate                                                                                            sections of the text)  e.g. X-rays, blood test                                                                                              reports of high BUN, creatinine in a real case.

 1.  What is a kidney failure?
      Where is it?
      What does it do?
      Who (is the patient - dogs, cats in this article)
      Why does the patient get kidney failure?
      How do you diagnose and treat, outcome
      How do you prevent kidney failure?



2 LINKS IN MY YOUTUBE. Try to edit footage and make a really fun to view vet educational video


1.  X-rays of a 13-year-old cat with Stage 4 Chronic Kidney Disease
https://youtu.be/50iVs0KrpSE 


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Please REVIEW MY WRITING AS IT IS A DRAFT AND IT IS UP TO YOU TO

EDIT AND CREATE THE VIDEO BASED ON THE IMPORTANT ASPECTS. IF I DO IT FOR YOU, YOU WILL NOT LEARN MUCH. HENCE THE DRAFT.   

https://youtu.be/5aPBUPCelxg

X-rays of the cat's kidneys with no chronic kidney disease - Part 2

The cat went for boarding for 5 days. Came home with strong smell of urine. Painful kidneys on palpation. X-rays show kidneys enlarged. Blood test shows very low platelets but no elevated urea and creatinine.

The cat could have groomed himself, licking off the urine and stools on his body during boarding, leading to kidney swelling and  painful urination.

After 2 days in-patient and IV drip to flush out the blood toxins, with antibiotics and pain medication, the cat goes home. Now he is back to normal.

This is Stage 1 of kidney disease. There is no azotemia. Creatinine is less than 1.6 mg/dL.

The cause of kidney failure was due to toxins. Prompt treatment in flushing out the toxins via an IV drip resulted in recovery.

Sep 6 2018. Attached image of X-ray of a 13-year-old cat shows Stage 4 chronic kidney disease kidneys. See blog for better quality images of chronic kidney disease, at:

https://2010vets.blogspot.com/2018/09/3234-13-year-old-cat-vomits-for-3-days.html
https://2010vets.blogspot.com/2018/09/3234-13-year-old-cat-vomits-for-3-days.html



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Introduction to Kidneys 

Kidneys filter the blood, maintains a constant electrolyte balance, regulates hormones and secrete hormones such as erythropoietin that stimulates the production of red blood cells. 

Acute vs Chronic Kidney Failure

Kidney failure REFERS TO the failure of the kidneys to carry out their function. 

The main difference between acute and chronic kidney failure is the duration of time that the kidney has stopped functioning.

Acute renal failure.
The kidney function suddenly declines for a few hours or days and is usually attributed to infections or toxins in dogs. Chronic renal failure refers to when the loss of function of kidneys is more gradual and may be over a few months or years.

(The most common cause of this in dogs is geriatric decline, which often causes degeneration of the kidneys.)  QUOTE YOUR REFERENCE

Causes of Chronic Kidney Failure

In general, kidney failure is caused by:

• Bacterial infections, like leptospirosis, which can be transmitted by drinking or swimming in contaminated water. This infection can lead to inflammation of the kidneys and consequent destruction of renal cells.
• 
  
• Toxicosis, or kidney poisoning which leads to damage of the kidneys’ cells. It occurs when dogs ingest drugs (like ibuprofen) or poisons (like antifreeze or grapes)
• 
  
• Congenital disease: hereditary conditions such as cysts and agenesis can lead to abnormal kidney function.
• 
  
• Geriatric degeneration: when kidneys get old, their cells will decline and die

Diagnosis of kidney failure

PRESENTING SIGNS ARE:
POLYDIPSIA, POLYURIA, VOMITING, ANAEMIA.  (This is also a veterinary educational video!)


symptoms such as vomiting, increased drinking and urination (use some

lethargy, weight loss, and production of pale mucous membranes in the mouth and elsewhere are observed in the anima. Consult your vet early. 

BE BRIEF
A BLOOD TEST will show abnormally high levels of BLOOD UREA NITROGEN AND CREATININE.  EXPLAIN WHAT BUN AND CREATININE DOES.

LEUCOCYTOSIS - POSSIBLE BACTERIAL INFECTION. 

The vet will then perform a blood test and if levels of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) are abnormally high, it is highly likely that the animal has sustained kidney damage.

Oftentimes (WHERE IS YOUR REFERENCE?), a higher than normal white blood cell known as leukocytosis is also an indication of the cause of kidney failure which may be a possible bacteria infection.

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VIDEO 2 - Kidney stones in a dog. Search my blog or youtube for a case study.

Information on kidney stones

The signs on the formation of kidney stones are:

• Fever 
• Abdominal discomfort
• Kidney pain
• Blood in the urine (hematuria)
• Altered urine production
• Lethargy 
• Poor appetite
• Vomiting
• Weight loss

Diagnosis of kidney stones

If an animal is suspected to have kidney stones and obstruction in the urinary tract as it displays the above symptoms, the vet will then conduct an x-ray in order to clearly determine if there are kidney stones.

Treatment of kidney stones

In Singapore, kidney stones are often removed surgically. Struvite stones are often the most common type of kidney stones formed. These stones may recur and hence vets usually test the composition of the stones upon removal via surgery in order to predict and prevent future recurrence. In the case of urinary tract infections (UTIs), bacteria would be present along with the stones and thus it is important for vets to prescribe antibiotics in the long run for the animal. Regular monitoring via urine analysis and ultrasound is also necessary to diagnose future recurrences early.

Overall Conclusion

It is important for owners to do constant monitoring of their pets who may have a genetic predisposition for kidney stones or have previously removed kidney stones. Oftentimes, if there are issues with kidneys, the animals will have to be permanently placed on a special diet or return frequently for dialysis in the case of chronic kidney failure.