Friday, June 4, 2010

Blood tests and pyometra

Many owners don't want blood tests prior to dental scaling or operations to save on costs. Here is a case where blood tests must be done to prevent litigation.

Sep 8, 2008
Chihuahu, female, 8 years
Not eating past 2 weeks. Sleepy. Big blod clots fom vagina passed 2 weeks ago.

Exam
395 fever
Enlarged uterus palpated 1 cm in diameer.
abdominal pain moderate lower half.

Closed Pyometra

Haemoglobin below normal. Total WBC 72 (4.5 - 13.5).
Neutrophils 97% Absolute 70 (1.8 - 7)
Lymphocyes 2.6 % Absolute 1.84 (2 - 7,8)
Platelts 2 9 (150 - 600)
Numerous giant plateles seen.

Bacteraemia and toxaemia.

Liver SGOT/AST 53 (<41)
Kidney urea and creatinine normal

Operated. Survived. OK as at Jun 2010.

Puppy with loose stools for a long time may get intussception

It is not normal.

Silkie was active and eating well, but passes loose stools since purchase 2 weeks ago and prior to purchase. When the puppy passes red blood, the parents and grown up childen consulted me.

Why and how to cure him?

1. It is not normal for the puppy to pass loose stools every day when fed dry food.


Causes:
1. Stress
2. Vaccination by the owner
3. Licking floors and objects
4. Given variety of puppy treats

"My puppy had diarrhoea for one month," my outspoken intern said. "He was OK after that. The breeder said it was due to vaccination."

"Loose stools is not normal," I inserted a cotton bud into the rectum to take stool sample. Fresh red blood stained the cotton bud.

"Now there is red blood. It may be parvoviral attack of the intestines. I got the parvoviral test done. It was negative. In this case, it would be professional negligent not to do the test in puppies having blood in the stools," I taught my assistant Mr Saw.

"Sometimes the vet does not think it is necessary," I said. "If the puppy dies a few days later when sen home, a complaint might be lodged with the authorities. The first question would be whether the puppy had parvoviral infection?"

As an example,I told him to test the 3 puppies sent in by the breeder. All breeders want the least veterinary cost and parvoviral tests cost money and some don't want parvoviral testing. Mr Saw did the 3 tests. One of them tested positive for puppies.


Later the intestines may telescope into each other resulting in lots of bloody stools and a need to operate. The condition is rare and is called intussception."

I had seen one case. Palpation of the abodomen can reveal a telescoped lump of small intestines. This puppy may have the start of intsussception. No X-rays are taken due to economic reasons. Puppy remained active.

Warded for 3 days.
IV drip, antibiotics and dry food.

92. Hypersexuality

Cocker Spaniel, Male, 5 years, Not neutered
Blood seen in the urine today
Eats OK, No fever
Why?

History: No previous occurrence

Urine test: Not possible as bladder is not full.

Examination: Penile tip is red and inflamed.

Traumatic injury. Does the dog hump people or objects?
"Yes" the owner said. "He has been humping pillows and the other dog frequently."

The diagnosis is traumatic injury to the penile tips due to hypersexuality.
This condition can be anti-social as visitors do not welcome their legs being gripped by the male dog.

TREATMENT

1. Neuter the male dog.
2. Anti-androgenic injections regularly has been shown to reduce the libido.

Thursday, June 3, 2010

Left perineal tumour in a male intact old Shih Tzu

Case Study 1. Circum-anal tumours and Tardak injection

Jun 1, 2009
Shih Tzu, Male, Intact, 11 years old, 7.5 kg. Can't take rectal temp. painful backside
Large left perineal tumour 10 cm x 10 cm in 5 globular lumps
IV drip + antibiotics

Jun 3, 2009
Decided to operate.
No histopathology for economic reasons.

Jun 8, 2009 Went home.


Jun 3, 2010
Facial dermatitis and eye ulcerations
Owner said the tumour did not recur after 2nd surgery and neuter.
He had not wanted neuter after the first surgery








Feb 2, 2010.
Left perineal tumour 6"x5"
Shih Tzu, Male, 12 years, 7.5 kg


Treatment
Feb 2, 2010
Pre-op IV drip + baytril 24 hours.

Feb 3, 2010
Clipped bald
Blood test
1. Liver disorder. High SGPT/ALT, SGOT/AST
2. Kidney disorder. High urea 13.3 (4.2 - 6.3). Creatinine low (29 (89 - 177)
3. Total WBC 30.8 (6 - 17)
Platelets 528 (200 - 500)




Zoletil anaesthetic 0.2 ml IV
+ Isoflurane gas > 1 hour
Surgical excision
2 packets of stitching
e-collar + rimadyrl painkillers for 7 days

Feb 4, 2010
Post-op swelling. Baytril 4 days and trimaxazole syrup

Feb 7, 2010
Neuter - 2 testicles removed.
Domitor 0.5 ml IV Antisedan 0.5 ml IV & post-op painkillers and antibiotics.

Feb 9, 2010
Parts inflamed Stitch breakdown at 8 o'clock and 12 o'clock
lst Tardak 10mg/ml inj. Bodyweight 6.8 kg. Tardak given at 14 mg or 1.4 ml SC
Another one on Feb 17, 2010 advised.
Painkillers tolfedine 60 mg x 2 tab. Pred 5mg 1/4 tab/day x 20 days
Tremethoprim, medazole,
Goes home.


The owner did not return for a 2nd Tardak injection.
"What is Tardak used for?" the JC 1 intern asked.


Jun 3, 2010
7.8 kg 39 deg C. Ringworm in body spinal area and face. To shave bald.
No tumour seen



Case Study 2. Hypersexuality and Tardak injection


Tardak (delmadinone acetate) is a potent anti-androgen 17 to 40X
the potency of progesterone. It is used for 3 indications

1. To treat hypersexuality (inhibit intersitial cedll stimulating hormone -->reduced testosterone production --> decrease libido. So it will be effective for dogs that hump cushions daily. Tardak 1.9 ml SC


2. Prostrate hypertrophy - due to chronic inflammatory process, benign hypertrophy or carcinoma. In inflammations, need to give antibiotics and corticoid.



3. Circum-anal tumours
Respond favourably so long as they are small.the larger they are at first treatment, the less encouraging is the prognosis.

90. William Somerset Maugham fan

June 3, 2010 meeting at Toa Payoh Hub

I was surprised and happy to meet a Singaporean who keeps the whole set of William Somerset Maugham books. Such men are rare as Singaporeans don't read.

"The pages are yellowed," he lamented.
"Do your books face sunlight?" I asked.
"Yes," he replied.
"Sunlight has a strong effect on books. Keep them in a dehumidifier. Do











you have book

89. Reverzine S.A (yohimbine)

Reverzine injection is an "antidote" for the reversal of xylazine-induced sedation and xylazine-ketamine anaesthesia in dogs and cats.

Active constituents: Yohimbine hydrochloride 1.25mg/ml
4-aminopyridine 2mg/ml

It must be given by IV. Not to be used for animals with cardiovascular, renal or hepatic disorders

Dogs: 1 ml/10 kg bodyweight
Cats: 0.25 ml/kg bodyweight

Parnell Laboratories (Aust) Pte Ltd

88. An independent contractor

REPLY TO AN EXPATRIATE VETERINARIAN WANTING TO WORK IN SINGAPORE

An independent contractor as a veterinarian means he does what he wants and just uses the facilities of service providers like veterinary surgeries. I hope you understand the concept and business model. It is lots of risks for you. But you cannot have the cake and eat it!

That is why I advise you (for your own good) to be an employee first if you really want to make your fortune in Singapore. There is no short cut to success as you will know by now. My real estate company, asiahomes.com started with zero income for around one year as I had to build it up. Same applies to toapayohvets.com. Vets are not supposed to advertise their presence in newspapers etc. So, it was tough, unless the vet is proactive giving seminars and doing charity.

I find employment agreements not good once the trust is gone as the employee sabotage begins since the employee cannot get out of employment. I think you need to write a business plan first. Ensure that your financial savings to last you at least one year as you will be an independent contractor.

Other things like accommodation can be found when you are here. An HDB apartment will suit your budget for at least the first year. Rental of whole 2-bedroom HDB apartment is around $1,500 - $2,000 per month. A car is essential if you want to do big house-call vet business. Taxis are not convenient. There is the car cooperative rentals. Wessex Estate houses are usually full as Caucasian expats love them.

Please note that I do NOT get involved in car purchases for independent contractors. In life, you need to do a business plan (income and expenses especially) even if you have lots of money. Otherwise the money just goes down the drain within one year. I know of rich and influential people who want to "invest" in veterinary facilities. For example, they provide land and buildings in Myanmar and I provide the rest. But I don't know them. So, I avoid them.

As for you, you need to think and think what you want to do in Singapore as you have to leave the comfort of your home to venture overseas to sell your services.

I met a young English vet who took over a practice from a German vet in Siem Reap. After 2 years, she gave up as business was not to her expectations. I visited her when during my travel to Siem Reap in January 2010. I thought there would be expatriate vets in Siem Reap and she was the only one. She was very frank with me about the business of veterinary medicine in Siem Reap. The difficulty in getting veterinary drugs and the culture of the locals. She decided to go back to England and my visit was her last day of practice. I learnt more from her failures and my other business failures. I can tell you it is very painful. Very costly and involved loss of huge amounts of monies.


So, I don't want you to suffer in Singapore if you are not into risk taking. Costs of accommodation, cars and other matters - if you earn money and have customers through referrals and excellent service and perform correct diagnoses - they are small change.

Best wishes

Dr Sing Kong Yuen

Wednesday, June 2, 2010

87. A biting dwarf hamster

At 2.5 years old, this dwarf hamster bites when touched. His lower body is deep red and he has a bare backside. So, he must be feeling painful. He scratches his ears all the time and sometimes his body. What is the cause of his itchiness?

Contact with rough pellets and water. He prefers to stay inside his feed bowl. Mum gave him tissue paper inside a yellowish bowl. He would drag the tissues out and place them on top of the pellets near the water bottle and sleeps there. The water bottle drips water. He gets wet. Being an aged hamster, his skin is no more as good as when he was young. With friction and dampness, his lower body gets irritated and inflamed. He becomes very itch.

I gave him clean paper litter and treatment for 5 days. He was much happier and his lower body became pink and not so red and itchy. He went home to the little girl who would look after him.

"How about his big lump on his right thigh area?" the mum asked. "It is better not to operate as he may just die under anaesthesia or after surgery," I said. "He is nearing the end of his life span." Hamster lives around 2.5 - 3 years.

Tuesday, June 1, 2010

Follow-up on Chihuahua after urinary stone surgery

May 31, 2010

The owner cycled to the Surgery to settle his bills.

"How's the Chihuahua?" I asked.

"He's OK in his urination. Sometimes I do see some blood in his urine but this is rare."
"The colour may not be blood. It is best to get his urine checked. Does he still go outdoors and pee a lot at the first time?"

"No," he said. "He just pees here and there in his favourite bushes. He will pee till he has nothing to pee. Yet he still lifts his legs to pee."

"Do you feed dry dog food anymore?" I asked.

"No more as you advised. But sometimes, when his stools are watery. Dry dog food hardens his stools."

"Does he urine-mark inside the apartment?" I presumed he was staying in the same place.

"No, not at all. He will go outdoors twice a day and urine marks till he has nothing left in his bladder and still he goes on and on."

I suspected the occasional blood in the urine could be due to traumatic injury. So I asked the tall slim man in his 40s: "Does the dog humps on cushions?"

"Yes," the owner said.

"He might have injured himself with too much of this humping. Does he grip people's legs and rub against the leg?"

I was surprised when the owner said: "He does grip my left frequently."

"Daily?"

"Yes," the owner replied.

"You should stop him," I advised. "Or get him neutered."

"I thought the dog needs to do it. So I did not push him away."

"The cause of blood in the urine could be due to penile tip injury. Some male dogs have a strong behaviour to self-stimulate. Probably he licks his scrotum too."

"Yes," the owner said.

"Neutering will remove his urge to behave this way obsessively everyday."

"I will think about it," the owner said. It was about to drizzle. He cycled home quickly. I was not surprised at the anti-social behaviour of this male dog as humping is a common observation and shown in some movies as a humourous joke. Therefore to this owner, the behaviour is perfectly normal.


Update at www.toapayohvets.com

85. Plastic grate + pee pan house breaking

Thank you for your email. My reply is in CAPITAL letters below.


E-MAIL TO DR SING AND DR SING'S REPLY IN CAPITAL LETTERS

From: ...@gmail.com>
Subject: Help for toilet training
To: judy@toapayohvets.com
Date: Monday, May 31, 2010, 11:36 AM

Hello Dr. Sing,

I am a first time dog owner and has specially taken one week leave to toilet train my dog. I feel a bit frustrated now that I am not seeing any results.

IT TAKES 4-8 WEEKS OF CONFINEMENT AND TRAINING TO SEE SUCCESSFUL RESULTS

I just got my toy poodle named Ginger, close to 3 months old, back home on Saturday afternoon. I have set up my playpen as per the photo attached.

I have been trying hard to train her to get up onto the Pee tray. Sometimes she pees on the pee tray (that's when we confined her to just the pee tray) by a fence in btw. Yet most of the times, she will pee outside the Pee tray-Black area.

THERE ARE A FEW REASONS FOR THIS BEHAVIOUR.
1. YOUR PUPPY MAY BE USED TO PEEING ONTO THE SOLID FLOOR. YOU NEED TO LET ME KNOW WHAT TYPE OF FLOORING SHE WAS USED TO AT THE BREEDER'S HOME. IT MAY BE JUST TILED FLOORS. SO THE PEE TRAY BLACK AREA CLOSELY FEELS LIKE THE TILED FLOOR. CHECK WITH THE BREEDER. I suspect that your new puppy has no experience with this yellow plastic grate as the breeder or seller never uses it. It is usually sold to puppy buyers. The puppy has been used to another type of grate or flooring and so you do not expect her to eliminate on it.

URINE SMELL. For the yellow grate, you need to put urine smell (tissue paper with puppy's urine smell onto the pee pan. This pee pan is below this yellow grate. I hope you know what I mean.

2. YOUR PUPPY MAY BE THE TYPE THAT IS VERY CLEAN AND FUSSY. YOU WILL NEED TO WASH THE GRATE everytime she pees on it and also to get some urine smell onto the pee pan.

THE YELLOW THING IS CALLED THE GRATE + PEE PAN WHICH COLLECTS URINE BELOW THE GRATE. THE BLACK THING IS ALSO A PEE PAN OR PEE TRAY.

The spot she always pee outside the pee tray is the spot closest to us, marked "X" .Weirdly that's the area where we feed her food.

SHE HAS NO CHOICE FROM THE LAYOUT OF YOUR PLAYPEN. THE BACK OF THE BLACK PEE PAN IS WHERE SHE SLEEPS. THE YELLOW GRATE IS AVOIDED BY HER, I PRESUME. SO SHE HAS TO PEE ON THE FRONT PART OF THE BLACK PEE PAN.

MANY OWNERS HAVE PROBLEMS WITH TRAINING THE PUPPY ON THIS YELLOW PLASTIC GRATE + PEE PAN BECAUSE THE PUPPY IS USED TO THE WIDER METALLIC GRATE. GO AND VISIT PET SHOPS SELLING PUPPIES AND YOU WILL KNOW WHAT I MEAN OR SEE MY PICTURES OF GRATE + PEE PAN IN MY WEBSITE. YOUR PUPPY IS ONE OF THEM.

When she pees correctly on the pee tray, i will say "Good" , "Pee pee here", pat her and give her a treat.

PRAISE AND TREAT IS CORRECT. HOWEVER, DID YOU WASH THE YELLOW GRATE + PEE PAN? YOUR PUPPY MAY AVOID STEPPING ON IT AS SHE CAN SMELL IT AS UNCLEAN.

Sometimes, I like to say "Pee pee here" at the pee tray and get her to come to the Pee tray and put her in the peeing position. But she doesn't pee most of the time.

IT TAKES AT LEAST 4 WEEKS OF TRAINING AND CLOSE MONITORING AND TEACHING. YOU CANNOT EXPECT RESULTS IN ONE WEEK. KNOW THE HISTORY ABOUT HOW THE PUPPY PEES AT THE BREEDER AND LET ME KNOW.

Question 1: May I know if my method is correct? Cause weirdly after treating, the next time she still pees wrongly.

METHOD OF ORAL COMMAND, PRAISE AND TREAT IS CORRECT. BUT CAN YOUR REALLY STAY WITH THE PUPPY 24 HOURS. I DOUBT YOU CAN DO IT. SHE PEES EVERYWHERE INCLUDING THE FRONT OF THE BLACK PEE PAN.

THE SOILED YELLOW GRATE AND THE BLACK PEE PAN NEEDS TO BE WASHED PROPERLY. URINE SMELL ON THE BLACK PEE PAN (FRONT PART) NEEDS TO BE NEUTRALISED WITH VINEGAR:WATER AT 1:3 TO PREVENT MORE PEEING THERE.

Question 2: She got two ways of peeing. One is semi squat (the usual way), the other is " she will jump onto the fence-Legs on ground, hands on the fencing and pee. Is that normal?

YES. SOME OWNERS OF PUPPIES DO TELL ME THAT THEIR PUPPIES GRIP THE FENCING TO PEE. MOST LIKELY THIS IS BECAUSE SHE HAS NO SPACE OR IS TRYING TO AVOID THE FRONT PAWS STEPPING ON THE SOILED AREA. IF ONLY PUPPIES CAN TALK.

Question 3: For the past 2 nights she has been here, she poos in the early morning (eg 3-4am, 10am). I have peeped once before and saw that she poos with her legs on ground and hands on fencing. Do I have to stay up to make sure I catch her in the act and correct her when she poos?

IF YOU SLEEP NEAR THE PUPPY, YOU CAN DO THE HOUSE-BREAKING WITHIN 1-2 WEEKS. BUT THIS MAY NOT BE PRACTICAL FOR YOU. POOPING WITH FRONT PAWS ON THE FENCING IS DONE BY SOME PUPPIES, ACCORDING TO SOME OTHER OWNERS. I DON'T THINK IT IS ABNORMAL.

Question 4: Do I have to give her water often? I think maybe restricting her to peeing during certain hours could be better. So can I only give her water before play and during food time. Is that sufficient?

STOP ALL WATER AFTER DINNER OR 8 PM TO GET THE PUPPY HOUSE-BROKEN EARLIER. WATER AT ALL TIMES ADVISED. FOOD SHOULD BE GIVEN FOR 15 MINUTES AND TAKEN AWAY TO ENSURE THAT THE PUPPY DOES NOT EAT ALL DAY LONG. DO NOT DISTRACT THE PUPPY DURING FEEDING TIME AND SHE POOPS USUALLY WITHIN 30 MINUTES AFTER EATING. THIS IS NOT POSSIBLE IF YOU KEEP PLAYING OR DISTURBING HER.

My dog is very hyper. She doesn't seem to listen to my cue. When I say NO in a fierce manner, she doesn't really seem to catch it.

YOUR ORAL COMMANDS TAKE TIME TO BE USED TO. PROBABLY YOUR PUPPY DOES NOT KNOW WHAT YOU WANT. USE TWO WORDS INSTEAD OF 3 WORDS OR A SENTENCE AND USE THE SAME TWO WORDS FOR HOUSE-TRAINING.

You just need to be patient and keep at training. No other way.
See one case report at:
http://www.bekindtopets.com/dogs/20100158Grate_Training_Shih_Tzu_puppy_ToaPayohVets.htm

It may be useful for you. Let me know if you have any queries.


Draft report in this blog. Update is at www.toapayohvets.com