3116. A 12-year-old Maltese fell from the bed and dislocated his right hip. A rare case of caudo-ventral luxation

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Craniodorsal luxations are common

 A cross-bred dog

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Another case - cavalier king charles

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Closed reduction with Ehmer sling - around 50% success rate
Indications for open reduction if
1. recurrence after closed reduction
2. unstable joint
3. avulsion fractures femoral head
4. other orthopedic conditions

The Ehmer Sling is used for around 2 weeks. Success rate of closed reduction is 50%. If there is recurrence, open reduction is needed.  Success rate of open reduction is 80-90%.

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CONCLUSION
Closed reduction is less expensive
Open reduction - FHO usually gives near normal function in small breeds and non-obese dogs
THR is expensive and specialised surgery. Other surgeries involve pins.





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Subluxation of Golden Retriever. Right hip

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Pre-op blood test. Blood test is normal for this 12-year-old Shih Tzu X.
Anaesthesia.   Propofol IV, intubate, isoflurane gas anaesthesia at 5% closed and open circuit.
Oximeter is used to ensure oxygen level of blood is 100%.

Surgery caudoventral is known FHO (femoral head ostectomy) or FME (femoral head excision) in which the femoral head is cut off to remove the cause of pain. A false joint is created and the dog walks almost normally.

Conclusion.
An unusual case of caudoventral hip luxation which is found in 5% of hip luxation cases. Usually, the dog spreads out his hind leg when he falls.  The femoral head is dislocated under the pelvis into the "hole" (obturator foramen).  Most dogs fall on their paws causing craniodorsal hip luxation which is in 95% of cases.

 
  




 


DAY 3 AFTER SURGERY   Blood test showed the 12-year-old dog was in good health and fit for anaesthesia.  Femoral head ostectomy. Propofol IV and isoflurane gas 5% in closed and semi-opened circuit to effect.


Dog is able to walk a bit. The right hind limb is in normal upright position instead of being splayed outwards. Owner wanted him home on Day 4.

3115. Review of 3 Caesarean section cases done at Toa Payoh Vets. Single pup syndrome

Saturday Aug 5, 2017

I visited the breeder farm to deliver 10 cans of canned canine A/D as one of his Corgi pup was not thriving though it ate a lot.

Review of 3 Caesarean seection cases showed all 3 dams and their pups OK except for two 5-day-old Dachshund pups not thriving.

Video

3114. Breeding red-eared sliders in Singapore for export

August 3, 2017

1. License needed
2. TYPES OF RES

Albino
Caramel
Melanotic
Snow
Green



2. PRICES OF RES HATCHLINGS IN AUG 2017

Albino - $450
Caramel - $5500.  Adults at $25,000/kg
Melanotic - a "joker" as hatchlings can be other colours and no melanotic
Snow - $7500. Second most expensive.
Green - $1.40 wholesale. Pet shop sells $5.00
Market in China depressed pricing now as Albino now sells low at $450. 

3. BREEDING
Albinos   CCTV
Breeds at around 3 years of age.
lst year breeding, mostly infertile eggs.
Can palpate for eggs in sides in front of hind legs.
NOTE: Strictly use one bloodline to produce albinos. E.g. Bloodline A cross with Bloodline B
will not get albinos but green ones.
Clumpy sand or soil is needed. If not, will stop laying and lay in water.
Eggs get trampled when eggs laid in water (many other RES housed together)
Unknown if eggs laid in water will be able to hatch.
Around 1 week, torchlight to check on embryos but some embryos appear past 1 week.


Singapore can breed 4 batches/yr
US - 2 batches as there is hibernation.

4. INCUBATION
Temperature determines gender
Around 2 months to hatch
Female - 30-31deg C 50-55 days to hatch.
Male - 27-28deg C.   60-70 days to hatch
Hatchling with egg sac yolk absorbed, sell. It is about 1.2 cm shell length
Home-made incubators - fish tank with plastic and bit of water in enclosed room.
   Male - fridge with thermostat control.  


5. FEEDING
Marsuri and Roman lettuce
Marsuri pellets (mainly fish meat)
Hikari (vegetables).
Adult albinos RES will spit on Hikari as they grow older, preferring Marsuri.

6. WATER CHANGES
Daily changes
Albinos in tanks passes stools during water changes. Outflow slower than inflow to clear stools.
Abinos also in ponds. Need clumpy soil and sand or will not lay eggs but lay eggs into water.
No need de-chlorinated water.


7. VIRUS
Rana virus outbreak. RES  - 4 legs extended as in basking but paralysed. Need hand feeding and water. Many die. High mortality. Workers' hands not washed going into various tanks.  
Quarantine hence ineffective. Now assigned workers to specific tanks.

3113. Fractures of femoral shaft, head and neck in a 10-month-old female guinea pig

Above X-ray was done by Vet 1. It appeared that the right hip joint was dislocated.


July 29, 2017
I requested X-ray of lateral view. Owner's vet had X-rays done by Vet 1

X-ray by Vet 2. Ventro-dorsal view only. No lateral view was taken as the guinea pig was in pain.

SUMMARY OF 4 X-RAYS.  3 FROM VET 1. 1 FROM VET 2

3112. Single pup syndrome

There is such a condition as single pup syndrome. The single pup grows to a large size and usually need to be delivered by Caesarean section as in this case. Failing to do so will result in the pup's death.

 

Both dam and pup are OK on following up 7 days later.  

3111. Unusual case of 4 dead foetuses in one uterine horn - Caesarean Section

The breeder requested an emergency Caesarean section as there was some blackish green vaginal discharge.

4 dead mummified foetuses bathed in blackish green fluid were in the left uterine horn, but 3 normal Corgi pups were found in the right horn. They were rescued just in time.

3110. Urinary stone prevention diet. Does it work? 3 case studies

CASE 1. BLADDER & KIDNEY STONES
HISTORY
Shih Tzu, MN, born 2006
In Sep 2014, the dog had difficulty passing urine. Vet 1 palpated a "bladder stone" and advised surgery, saying X-rays were not necessary.
The owner consulted me at Toa Payoh Vets. X-rays showed one bladder and 2 kidney stones.

After bladder stone removal at Toa Payoh Vets in Oct 2014, the owner did not feed the prescription diet to prevent bladder stones regularly.

In April 2016, the Shih Tzu passed blood at the end of urination. Soft bladder swelling palpated 
Urine analysis. pH 6.5, SG 1.02, Protein 4+, Blood 4+, White blood cells 900. No urinary crystals.
suggestive of bladder stone or tumour with cystitis. 

X-ray showed more than 2 kidney stones and a soft bladder mass was palpated. 

The owner fed prescription diet regularly and there is only occasional turbid urine but no more blood in the urine or difficulty in urination.

 

FEEDING PRESCRIPTION DIET RECORD FROM TOA PAYOH VETS

Oct 7, 2014  bladder stone removal surgery

Sep 11, 2015  Urinary S/0 7kg

Dec 12, 2015  Urinary S/0 7kg

Mar 26, 2016  Urinary S/O 7 kg

April 20, 2016. blood in turbid urine. No large stones palpated in bladder.  Cystitis? Bladder tumour or non-opaque stone in X-ray. Switched to Hills' C/D/

April 27, 2016  C/D  17.6 lbs

Owner did not come to Toa Payoh Vets for C/D. 

Jan 31, 2017 C/D  17.6lbs

April 30, 207 C/D 17.6 lbs

Jul 27, 2017 C/D  17.6 lbs.

 Owner says that the Shih Tzu, MN, now 11 years old, has no urination problems and is fed C/D. The other dog, a younger Schnauzer eats commercial food and has no urinary problem. The Shih Tzu consumes the 17.6 lb bag every 3 monthly. 

Conclusion. Difficult to get the owner to do further tests like urine analysis or X-rays as the dog had no problem in 2017. He had been feeding the Shih Tzu solely on the Multicare C/D which is said to reduce oxalate and struvite reccurrence. No other dog food or treats. 

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CASE 2   Miniature Schnauzer, M, N, 12 years. FEEDING OF PRESCRIPTION DIETS

The dog's urine pH is acidified by the feeding of Royal Canin Urinary S/0 as shown in the urine test on July 2017.  In Oct 2016, the pH was 8.0 (alkaline) and it had amorphous phosphate crystals.
However, the dog had dysuria in July 23, 2017 attributed to cystitis.

There was some urethral obstruction at the bend of the urethra during catheterisation, but no big stones are seen on X-rays. The dog has recovered. X rays are shown below. 

  The owner has 2 dogs as in Case 1. So, there may be eating of commercial diet of the other dog affecting urinary pH, causing cystitis. The dog is OK now.

CASE 3.
Shih Tzu, M, 11 years. ATTEMPTED DIETARY DISSOLUTION OF URINARY STONES
The owner attempted to dissolve the urinary stones diagnosed by Vet 1 some one year ago, by feeding Royal Canin Urinary SO. However in July 2017, the dog had great difficulty peeing. X-rays show 2 large urethral stones in the os penis. These 2 stones were flushed back into the bladder which was opened to take out the stones. The dog is OK now.  Stones are sent to the lab for analysis. X-rays are shown below.

Dietary dissolution of urinary stones can be done for struvite stones but these stones must be struvites and must be small.

X-rays of Vet 1 was requested, but the practice said it had no such client. .

3109. A difference of veterinary opinion. A hamster has hairless backside and ear area

My opinion may differ from another vet. This hamster had a right ear wart of 4 mm across and kept scratching his ear. His left backside is bald. So, I advised ear wart removal and lateral ear canal resection.

The other vet was the opinion that ear irrigation would do and it would be cheaper. However, the owner consulted me one month after the other vet's treatment as the itchy ear had not resolved. The left ear also had hairless bump and left ear itchiness.

Treatment:
Anaesthesia. Both lateral ear canal resected.  The right ear wart at the entrance to the ear's vertical canal was excise3d.

A follow up 8 weeks later will be good. If the backside and ear area hairs re-grow fully, the outcome is a success.

 

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3108. A 10-year-old Beagle passes blood in the urine and has seizures.

Jul 23, 2017


X rays show "sand" in the bladder. 
The Beagle has seizures when brought downstairs for exercise recently.  

3107. A 12-year-old male Miniature Schnauzer has difficulty peeing

Air contrast bladder X-rays show no stones and no inflamed bladder wall.
Dog likely to have urinary tract infection.

Miniature Schnauzers are very prone to urinary stones, but in this case, there was none.
The owner had been feeding Royal Canin Urinary S/O, hence preventing struvite stone formation.
Follow up 7 days later, on the diagnosis of cystitis.
The dog lis back to normal now.