Case reports of grape poisoning in 2 dogs
Overview on grape poisoning in the dog
- primary cultivated species of grape is Vitis vinifera
- reported in America in ‘01 and in Europe in ‘03
- grapes or raisins reported to result in acute renal failure
- toxicity seen with different grape colors and types
- including raw, raisin, sultana, currant, fermented or crushed
- dogs reported significantly less able to metabolize plant components than humans
- common clinical signs include vomiting, lethargy, anorexia and diarrhea
- laboratory signs include the following:
- hyperphosphatemia
- hyperamylasemia
- hyperglycemia
- increased alkaline phosphatase
- leukocytosis
- urinalysis typically detects the following:
- proteinuria
- glucosuria
- hematuria
- crystalluria
- signs usually seen within 6 hours post-ingestion
- pathogenesis unknown
- 4 to 5 grapes reported to cause renal failure in an 8.2 kg doxie
Case report of a 1.6-year-old, sex:M small breed dog
- clinical signs: decreased urine output and difficult urination
- serum chemistry day 1 at referral
- elevated BUN at 39 mg/dl with reference at 7-27 mg/dl
- on day 2 at 91 mg/dl
- increased alanine transaminase at 213 U/l with reference at 10-100
- elevated creatinine at 4.1 mg/dl with reference at 0.5-1.8 mg/dl
- on day 2 at 6.8 mg/dl
- outcome 5 days post-grape ingestion: death
Case report of a 5-year-old, sex:F small breed dog
- history of liver disease and hyperammonemia 3 years previously
- clinical signs: ataxia developing the day after grape ingestion
- serum chemistry day 2 at referral
- elevated BUN at 121 mg/dl with reference at 7-27 mg/dl
- increased alanine transaminase at 239 U/l with reference at 10-100
- elevated creatinine at 5.5 mg/dl with reference at 0.5-1.8 mg/dl
- hyperphosphatemia at 16.1 mg/dl with reference at 2.5-6.8 mg/dl
- outcome 3 days post-grape ingestion: death
- necropsy
- erythematous intestinal serosa and mucosa with multifocal red foci
- grape seeds found in intestinal lumen
- brownish-yellow crystals in renal pelvis
- yellow discolored liver
- histopathology
- acute tubular necrosis of proximal convoluted tubules
- severe necrosis and mineralization of renal cortical tubules
- fibrinous thickening of splenic capsule
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