Cantao ocellatus [Mallotus Shield Bug]
Wednesday, January 6, 2021
Monday, January 4, 2021
3955. Periodontal (gum) diseases in dogs. Grades 1 to 4. An old dog went crazy when the vet tried to open his mouth.
An old dog went crazy when the vet tried to open his mouth. Real life case studies of dogs suffering from various grades of periodontal (gum) diseases are shown in this video to educate pet owners.
Periodontal (gum) disease or periodontitis in dogs is classified from Grades 1 to 4. This disease usually starts from 6 months of age in dogs.
Grade 1. Gingivitis. Inflammation of the gums Grade 2. Gingivitis + loss of periodontal tissue attachment of 0-25% Grade 3. Gingivitis + purulent discharge + loss of periodontal tissue attachment of 25-50% Grade 4. Gingivitis + purulent discharge + loss of periodontal tissue attachment of over 50%. X-rays are needed to differentiate between Grade 2 and Grade 3 as they are sometimes hard to judge on visual examination. A case of the old Doberman Pinscher presented to Dr Sing Kong Yuen at Toa Payoh Vets for "not active, loss of appetite and front leg lameness" is presented. The unusual behaviour of pawing of the mouth using the front paws when the mouth is pried open for examination provided evidence that the actual problem was tooth aches. The dog had tried to relieve oral pain using his front paws which became ulcerated and swollen. The back paws were dry and not swollen. After dental treatment and dental work by Dr Daniel Sing, the dog was active and eating again. The owners were delighted with the outcome. Antibiotic injection was given one day before dental work to get rid of the bacteria in the mouth. The dog permitted mouth examination 20 hours after antibiotic injection as seen in the video. Other dog with various grades of periodontal diseases are shown in the video as they were available, making this video more interesting. Regular or yearly dental check up is advised at Toa Payoh Vets to enable the teeth to be in good condition to old age.Video link
Additional case studies of periodontal disease in other dogshttps://2010vets.blogspot.com/2020/10/gum-disease-in-old-dog.html
INSTAGRAM PHOTOS OF OTHER CASES
Summary: What happens if you let your dog suffer from bad breath? They get bad tooth aches, like people with rotten teeth. The bacterial germs invade the gums and the inside of the tooth pulp nerves. They create intense tooth aches that can drive the dog crazy, develop oral tumours, heart disease or septicaemia.
Six interesting cases from Toa Payoh Vets are discussed.
CASE 1. A MINIATURE SCHNAUZER VOMITS FOR 2 WEEKS
CASE 2. A MINIATURE BULL TERRIER HAS MULTIPLE FITS
CASE 3. A POODLE MOVES HIS HEAD AWAY WHEN PATTED
CASE 4. A MINIATURE SCHNAUZER DEVELOPS GUM TUMOURS
CASE 5. A POODLE EATS LESS AND LOSES WEIGHT
CASE 6. A MALTIPOO HAS SWOLLEN GUMS - GINGIVITIS
THE OWNER'S WORRIES ABOUT ANAESTHETIC DEATHS
There will always be anaesthetic risks of deaths on the operating table. The isoflurane gaseous anaesthetic is very safe for the older dogs and there should be no fatality if the dog has no serious heart and other diseases. Some groomers in Singapore perform dental scaling as they are permitted to do so if they do not use anaesthetic. In conclusion, the veterinarian is trained to do a proper dental procedures and general anaesthesia permits a thorough examination and dental work on the inside and outside of the teeth to below the gum levels. FOR UPDATES: THIS BLOG
https://2010vets.blogspot.com/2021/01/3955-periodontal-gum-diseases-in-dogs.html
What happens if you let your dog suffer from bad breath?
They get bad tooth aches, like people with rotten teeth.
The bacteria invades the gums and the inside of the tooth pulp nerves.
The following are cases from Toa Payoh Vets seen over the years
CASE 1. MINIATURE SCHNAUZER VOMITS FOR 2 WEEKS
CASE 2. MINIATURE BULL TERRIER HAS MULTIPLE FITS
CASE 3. THE POODLE MOVES HIS HEAD AWAY WHEN PATTED
CASE 4. MINIATURE SCHNAUZER DEVELOPS GUM TUMOURS
CASE 5. A POODLE EATS LESS AND LOSES WEIGHT
CASE 6. A MALTIPOO HAS SWOLLEN GUMS. 
OWNER'S WORRIES ABOUT ANAESTHETIC DEATHS
Some groomers in Singapore perform dental scaling as they are permitted to do so
if they do not use anaesthetic
However, the thorough dental work is done by the veterinarian
as general anaesthesia permits proper examination and removal of
the plaque and tartar under the gums.
Sunday, January 3, 2021
3954. The use of the Dremel 300 cutting wheel to trim overgrown teeth in guinea pigs and rabbits - script
How to trim the guinea pig's overgrown teeth using the Dremel 300 Cutting Wheel
SCRIPT FOR VIDEO PRODUCTION
HOOK
(Actual footage of the case during consultation)
Healthy
guinea pigs eat a lot. When they eat less, there is usually a medical
problem. Many times, the loss of appetite is caused by something
happening to their teeth. A person's adult teeth remain the same
size. But an adult guinea pig's tooth keeps growing longer daily. The
guinea pig chews hay and hard food to wear down the teeth. If he does
not eat, his teeth will not be properly worn out. The teeth overgrow
as in this 4-year-old, male guinea pig. The guinea pig will die
from malnutrition and weight loss over the next few weeks.
The
owner consulted Dr Sing Kong Yuen of Toa Payoh Vets on May 8, 2016.
This guinea pig has not been eating for the past 4 weeks. The
owner was worried. Video clip of a guinea pig with overgrown
front teeth during consultation). This condition can be serious as
the guinea pig will die from hunger if he cannot chew his food.
BKTP
(Image) SEE BELOW
TITLE (Image) SEE BELOW
INTRODUCTION
A
normal guinea pig has 4 front teeth. Two are upper and two are lower.
But this 4-year-old male guinea pig has 6 front teeth. Over the past
4 weeks, the owner has fed him less hay and carrots. The
teeth continued growing as they were not close to each other to
be worn out by the chewing the hay and carrots. They grow longer
and curved inwards towards the tongue.
(Video 1.
Consultation, history taking and examination)
BE KIND TO
PETS
VETERINARY EDUCATIONAL VIDEO
HOW TO TRIM THE OVERGROWN
TEETH USING THE DREMEL CUTTING WHEEL
TREATMENT
There
are two ways of trimming the teeth. A nail cutter or the cutting
wheel. The nail cutter may fracture the length of the tooth. The
cutting wheel trims the teeth evenly and smoothly without fracturing
the tooth. This video shows how Dr Sing uses the Dremel 300 cutting
wheel to trim the teeth.
(Videos 2,3,4,5)
VIDEOS
2.
Equipment used. (Include image and list them).
3. Anaesthetic gas is piped inside the container. The guinea pig is given the minimal dose of isoflurane gas anaesthesia to prevent stress and pain during tooth trimming. He is placed inside a gas container.
When he looks sedated, he is taken out for trimming. When he wakes up, he is placed inside the container again. This careful short anaesthesia ensures that he will not die from anaesthetic overdosage.
4. The Dremel 300 cutting wheel spins and cuts the teeth layer by layer
It is used with great care. It is important that the guinea pig's tongue and cheeks or the operator's fingers are not cut. Safety is most important for the pet and operator. A rodent's mouth gag may be used.
5.
It takes time and lots of patience to trim the 6 front teeth. A
rushed job means giving high anesthetic dose or longer duration and
this will kill the guinea pig. The teeth are trimmed. The owner is
very happy. Follow up 2 days later - the owner says the guinea pig
has eaten more food now.
CONCLUSION
The Dremel
300 cutting wheel works effectively to cut the teeth smoothly,
without fracturing the sides of the teeth. An ordinary nail cutter
may fracture the teeth. General anaesthesia calms the guinea
pig and prevents traumatic injury to the tongue and lips due to
struggling and movements.
ADVICES TO THE OWNER.
1.
Separate from the other guinea pig so that he will recover. Feed more
hay and carrots.
2. Early Treatment is best to prevent
overgrowth of the cheek teeth. In this case, the cheek teeth have not
overgrown and do not need trimming or cutting. Do not wait four
weeks to seek treatment.
3. A permanent solution is to
extract all the 4 front teeth of the guinea pig to prevent the need
for trimming of overgrown front teeth.
FINAL VIDEO
THIS BLOG:
https://2010vets.blogspot.com/2021/01/3954-use-of-dremel-300-cutting-wheel-to.html
Presented in Instagram Toa Payoh Vets
Saturday, January 2, 2021
3951. Chinese proverb. May you have abundance year after year
Using Photoshop 2021 neural filter
Photoshop 2021 without neural filter
Wednesday, December 30, 2020
3950. Cactus plant in outdoors in Singapore
Although slow-growing, a cactus plant is fairly self-sustaining as it stores moisture in its roots, leaves and stems, and so largely regulates its own food intake. A cactus plant likes a light, airy and warm spot – but not too hot, around 18°C is ideal – and can cope well in direct sunlight.
1. Are cactus plants indestructible?
No, if you've ever killed a cactus you are not alone. The easiest way is by over watering, poor drainage and using the wrong compost. Ordinary potting compost holds water well, which is a huge bonus for most plants, but not for cacti, as they need very good drainage. If you want to keep them alive it's best to use specialist cactus soil instead.
2. What's the best spot in the home to place a cactus?
A cactus can tolerate a warm and sunny spot in the summer, even outdoors on the patio or balcony. But in winter the placement should be cooler and light.
3. Does a cactus flower?
Cacti are all flowering plants, but some have more prominent blooms and there are a few, such as Mammillaria, Gymnocalycium and Parodia, that will flower quite easily with impressive, colourful displays.
4. How do you get a cactus to flower?
Cacti flower on fresh growth, so if your plant just sits there, unchanging year after year, it's very unlikely to flower. What you should do is to get the plant to follow its natural growth cycle. It needs to go dormant in winter and then wake up in spring. So, put it somewhere dry and cold – but not dark – over winter, and stop watering all together. In spring give it as much sunshine as possible and start to water it.
5. So how often should you water a cactus?
It’s best to give more water in spring/summer and less in winter. Remember, avoid over watering. It’s better to allow the soil to dry out a bit before watering the plant again.
6. Types of cactus: what are the most common species?
The species that are most commonly sold are Echinocactus, Ferocactus, Gymnocalycium, Opuntia and Mamillaria.
7. And what are the best varieties for beginners?
Moon cactus (Gymnocalycium) have very colourful tops, usually red or yellow. These aren't flowers so the colour is there all year round. Bunny ears cactus (Opuntia), also known as polka dot cactus, have spots of golden bristles against a green background so they look modern and geometric. And the spiny Pincushion cactus (Mammillaria) is easy to grow and has lovely little pink flowers.
8. How to look after a cactus: what's the best way to handle them?
Carefully! Either with very thick gloves or use folded newspaper to loop around the top. If you’ve been stuck with a spike, you can remove large ones with tweezers. Remove small spikes by sticking duct tape on them and then pulling it off, or by rolling an old pair of tights into a ball and rapidly rubbing this over the spot. The final fine spikes should be worked out using olive oil, advise the plant experts at Thejoyofplants.co.uk.
9. What pests do you need to look out for?
Check that your cactus is free of mealybugs on both the plant itself (the body) and the root system. With its woolly white wax coating containing oval insects, it's one of the most common pests in cactuses, and difficult to get rid of. Additionally, red spider mite (eight-legged insects that weave a delicate and dense web over the plant), aphids, scale insects and thrips can also occur. Also, check for damage and that the root system is intact. If cacti have been kept too wet for a long time they may have rotted 'from the pot', which can also be caused by fungi and bacteria. The green part – the actual stem – can then feel soft.
10. Are all cacti prickly?
No. What we usually think of as cacti are desert cacti, but there are also forest cacti without the bristles, however, please note that the range available as houseplants is quite small.
11. How long does a cactus plant live?
In the wild cacti can live for hundreds of years. Indoors they may survive for 10 years or more. The trouble with old ones is that every single knock, scratch or blemish they get stays with them, so they tend to look less appealing as they get older.
12. Is a cactus the same as a succulent?
'Every cactus is a succulent, but not all succulents are cacti,' explain Thejoyofplants.co.uk. 'Like many other succulents, cacti have succulent properties – the ability to store moisture in their thick fleshy trunk and stems. These reservoirs are used to bridge periods of drought.' A difference, however, is that cacti are 'defined by the presence of areoles (specialised sites where spines form) whereas succulents have none', explain the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS).
13. What is a Christmas cactus? And how is it different?
A Christmas cactus is a popular Christmas plant during the festive season. The Brazilian coastal plant, known as an epiphyte, grows on top of other plants, trees or rocks, and there are two species: Schlumbergera truncata and S. × buckleyi. A Christmas cactus flowers for around two months from late November to late January, with lots of little flower buds – in red, white, yellow, pink and purple – appearing throughout the Christmas period. Find more Christmas cactus care and growing tips here.
https://www.housebeautiful.com/uk/garden/plants/news/a295/7-things-you-may-not-know-about-cacti/
The cactus plant grows in the soil in Singapore, to heights taller than a man. There are some red flowers seen by me. I took these photos around
Nov 5, 2020.
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