Feline Dentistry
Atlantic Coast Veterinary Conference 2001
Sandra Manfra Marretta, DVM, Diplomate ACVS, AVDC
University of Illinois
Management of feline oral pathologic conditions include several specific problems,
including: (1) variation in dentition and dental abnormalities, (2) abnormalities of
occlusion, (3) periodontal disease, (4) odontoclastic resorptive lesions, (5) fractured
teeth, (6) lymphocytic-plasmacytic stomatitis, (7) eosinophilic granuloma, and (8)
nasopharyngeal polyps.
Clinical signs associated with oral pain include: (1) changes in eating habits, (2)
halitosis, (3) pawing at the mouth, (4) abnormal salivation, (5) oral hypersensitivity,
(6) facial swelling, (7) oral hemorrhage, (8) sneezing, (9) nasal discharge, and (10)
behavioral changes.
Thorough oral examination will frequently reveal the source of
discomfort. Recognition of normal as well as abnormal oral structures are important
in the management of feline oral pain. Normal anatomic structures that may be
mistaken for pathologic conditions include the incisive papilla, a small eminence
located just caudal to the central incisor teeth, and the lingual molar gland, a small
salivary gland, located adjacent to the lingual aspect of the mandibular molar.
Variation in Numbers of Teeth and Dental Abnormalities
The deciduous dental formula for kittens is: 2(I3/I3, C1/C1, P3/P2) = 26 teeth. The
permanent dental formula for adult cats is: 2(I3/I3, C1/C1, P3/P2, M1/M1) = 30 teeth.
In the cat all the incisors and canine teeth have 1 root, the maxillary 2nd premolar
has 1 root, the 3rd premolar has 2 roots, and the 4th premolar has 3 roots while the
maxillary 1st molar has 2 roots. The mandibular cheek teeth in a cat (3rd and 4th
premolars and 1st molars) all have 2 roots.
Abnormalities in the number of teeth in cats can be inherited, or can result from
disturbances during the initial stages of tooth formation. Complete absence of all
teeth, anodontia, and decreased number of teeth, oligodontia, are uncommon in cats.
Supernumerary teeth are more common, and may result in crowding and
malalignment of teeth with development of premature periodontal disease. The
mandibular fourth premolars appear to be the most common supernumerary teeth in
the cat. Supernumerary teeth that result in crowding should be extracted early.
Retention of deciduous teeth rarely occurs in cats. Retained deciduous teeth should
be extracted as soon as they are diagnosed so that permanent teeth may erupt into
their normal position. When retained deciduous teeth are not removed, permanent
teeth are deflected lingually, except maxillary canine teeth, which are deflected
rostrally.
Abnormalities in development of teeth occur rarely in cats. Gemination is a disorder
in which the developing tooth bud attempts to split but fails to do so completely,
resulting in duplication of part of the tooth but not complete twinning. Gemination
teeth commonly have two crowns, each with a separate pulp chamber merging into a
common root canal system which can be demonstrated radiographically.